What is the Finnish constitution?

Satunnainen

The Constitution of Finland is the country’s highest law, which defines the basic principles of state administration, the basic rights of citizens and the relations between state institutions. It is a legally binding document that guides all other laws and regulations in Finland. The Constitution is a central part of Finland’s legal system and democratic administration.

History of the Constitution

The Constitution of Finland entered into force on March 1, 2000, replacing previous constitutional acts, such as the form of government, the order of the Diet, the Ministerial Responsibilities and State Council Act. The goal of the reform was to clarify and simplify the constitutional system and strengthen the basic rights of citizens.

Structure of the Constitution

The Constitution of Finland consists of 13 chapters and 131 articles. It covers the following key areas:

  • Basic state order: Defines the basic principles of state administration and the relations between state institutions.
  • Fundamental rights: Includes the basic rights and freedoms of citizens, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion and the right to privacy.
  • Parliament: Defines the tasks, composition and operation of Parliament.
  • President: Defines the powers and duties of the President of the Republic.
  • State Council: Defines the composition and tasks of the State Council, i.e. the government.
  • Judiciary: Defines the tasks and independence of the courts.
  • Regional and local government: Defines the basic principles of regional and local government.

Fundamental rights

The Finnish constitution guarantees citizens a wide range of basic rights. These include:

  1. Equality: All people are equal before the law.
  2. Right to life and personal liberty: Everyone has the right to life, personal liberty and integrity.
  3. Privacy protection: Everyone has the right to privacy, peace of mind and confidential communication.
  4. Freedom of movement: Everyone has the right to move freely and choose their place of residence.
  5. Freedom of speech: Everyone has the right to express their opinion and receive information.
  6. Freedom of religion: Everyone has the right to freedom of religion and conscience.

Amending the Constitution

Amending the Finnish constitution has been deliberately made difficult so that the permanence and stability of the constitution can be guaranteed. The changes require the approval of two parliaments, and parliamentary elections must be held between them. In the first reading, the amendment must be approved by a simple majority, and in the second reading, it must be approved by a two-thirds majority.

Sources

Further information on the Finnish Constitution can be found in the following sources:

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