What is an environmental impact assessment?

Satunnainen

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process whose purpose is to identify, predict and evaluate the possible effects of projects or plans on the environment. This process helps decision-makers and stakeholders understand the environmental impacts of projects before they are implemented, and provides an opportunity to develop measures to reduce or avoid adverse impacts.

What is the purpose of the EIA process?

The main goal of the EIA process is to ensure that the environmental effects are taken into account already in the planning phase of the project. This will help:

  • To reduce harm to the environment
  • To improve the sustainability of projects
  • To promote environmental protection
  • To increase stakeholder participation and access to information

Steps of the EIA process

The EIA process consists of several steps, which can be summarized as follows:

  1. Preliminary examination: At this stage, it is assessed whether the project complies with the EIA Act and whether it requires an environmental impact assessment.
  2. Assessment program: A plan is drawn up on how the environmental effects will be assessed. This includes data collection methods, timing and stakeholder involvement.
  3. Evaluation report: Data on the environmental impact of the project will be compiled and analyzed. The report also presents alternative solutions and measures to reduce harmful effects.
  4. Consultation and statements: Stakeholders and the public can give feedback on the evaluation report. The authorities also give their statements.
  5. Decision-making: Decision-makers use the results of the EIA process to support decision-making. This can lead to the approval, rejection or modification of the project.

Importance and benefits of EIA

The EIA process has many significant benefits:

  • Environmental protection: EIA helps to identify and reduce the harmful environmental effects of projects.
  • Decision-making support: The EIA provides decision makers with comprehensive information that helps them make informed decisions.
  • Participation of stakeholders: The EIA process enables the participation of stakeholders and the public, which increases the acceptability and transparency of projects.
  • Cost savings: Early identification of environmental impacts can reduce the later costs of fixing environmental problems.

EIA legislation in Finland

In Finland, the EIA process is regulated by the Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act). The purpose of the law is to promote environmental protection and improve citizens’ opportunities to participate in environmental decision-making. More information on EIA legislation can be found, for example, on Finlex’s website.

In summary, it can be stated that environmental impact assessment is a key tool in the promotion of sustainable development and environmental protection. It helps ensure that projects are implemented in an environmentally responsible manner and that the views of stakeholders are taken into account in decision-making.

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