What is a conservation area?

Satunnainen

A protected area is a geographically delimited area set aside to protect and preserve natural diversity, ecosystems and cultural heritage. Protected areas can be different, such as national parks, nature parks, nature reserves and Natura 2000 areas. The goal of establishing and maintaining these areas is to secure the sustainable use of natural resources and prevent the depletion of biodiversity.

Types of protected areas

There are many types of protected areas, and they can be divided into different types based on their conservation goals and management methods. Here are some of the more common types of protected areas:

  • National parks: National parks are large areas established to protect biodiversity and landscapes and for recreational use. There are 40 national parks in Finland, such as Nuuksio National Park and Urho Kekkonen National Park.
  • Natural parks: Natural parks are areas set aside for scientific research and biodiversity protection. They are generally less open to the public than national parks.
  • Nature reserves: These areas are established to protect certain species, habitats or landscapes. They can be owned by private landowners or the state.
  • Natura 2000 areas: Natura 2000 is a European Union-wide network of protected areas that aims to protect valuable habitat types and species. The network consists of Areas of Special Conservation Actions (SAC) and Areas of Special Conservation Actions (SPA).

Importance of protected areas

Protected areas have many important tasks and meanings:

  1. Preserving natural diversity: Protected areas provide habitats for many endangered species and ecosystems, which helps to preserve natural diversity.
  2. Ecosystem services: Protected areas support ecosystem services such as water purification, carbon sequestration and pollination, which are vital for human well-being.
  3. Recreation and tourism: Many protected areas offer opportunities for outdoor activities, camping and nature tourism, which promotes people’s physical and mental well-being.
  4. Cultural heritage preservation: Protected areas can also contain culturally significant sites, such as ancient remains and traditional landscapes.

Management and maintenance of protected areas

Management and maintenance of protected areas require careful planning and resources. In Finland, Metsähallitus is responsible for the management and use of protected areas owned by the state. Private landowners can also establish conservation areas on their own land, and can be granted compensation for conservation efforts.

Management of protected areas aims to balance the protection of natural diversity and the needs of people. This can include, for example, combating alien species, restoring habitats and promoting sustainable tourism.

Additional information about protected areas and their meaning can be found, for example, on Metsähallitus’ website and From the website of the Ministry of the Environment.

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